COMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS OF CASHEW NUT COMMODITIES

COMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS OF CASHEW NUT COMMODITIES IN CENTRAL JAVA

(Case Study in Wonogiri Regency)

ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMODITAS METE DI JAWA TENGAH
(Studi Kasus Di Wonogiri)

Erlyna Wida R1, Sri Widodo2, Djuwari3


ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to know whether there are comparative and competitive advantages of cashew nut in shell in Central Java and constraints to increase export of Indonesian cashew nut and the alternative to solve it. Primary data were collected from cashew fruit farmer in 2002 production process in Wonogiri, Central Java.
The method in this research is using Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) analysis to know the comparative advantages and Competitive Advantage Ratio (CAR) analysis to know the competitive advantages. Sensitivity analysis used to know effect of changed variable to DRCR and CAR value.
The result of this research shows that cashew fruit production in Indonesia are financially and economically still profitable. Both of financially and eonomically, give the profit of Rp 224,153 per hectare and Rp 465,340 per hectare. Cashew nut in shell in Central Java have competitiveness showed comparative and competitive advantage in domestic production with DRCR is 0.75 and CAR is 0.93. In the case of sensitivity analysis, parcially rising social input price (fertilizer, insecticide, labour, rent of land, and exchange rate) until 50% still have comparative advantage but not for exchange rate. Simultaneously, rising social input price until 30% does not have comparative advantage any more. Increasing export tax, together with rising output price and exchange rate are 10% begin to give competitive advantage. The problem to develop cashew nut export is more than half of cashew nut is cashew nut in shell, that the opportunity to increase value added for national economy did not used so good, export of cashew nut is concentrate on only several countries, export volume is fluctuating.

Key words : competitiveness, comparative advantage, competitive advantage
1. Mahasiswa Pasca Sarjana Ekonomi Pertanian, UGM
2. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
3. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

Program Studi Ekonomi Pertanian (2003)

Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta

RIGP CREDIT AFFECT ON INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

RIGP CREDIT AFFECT ON INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
FAMILY FARMERS IN GROBOGAN DISTRICT

PENGARUH KREDIT P4K TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAN PENGELUARAN KELUARGA PETANI

DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN

Zahron Helmy


ABSTRACT

The research of credit affect for Rural Income Generation Project (RIGP) on Family Farmers (FFs) Income and expenditure is aimed to know program impact to educational aspect, family-member health and Small Fisherman-Farmers (SFFs) community social activity. And economically the research also have purpose to know credit impact on venture volume, income, family consumption, as well on employment and income distribution.
The research is conducted in Grobogan District Central Java, on 222 SFFs, in 12 sub-districts, 42 villages, and 44 Small Farmer Groups (SFGs) of RIGP program participant, by using descriptive analysis, regression analysis model, and Gini index as well poverty index.
The research result shows descriptively occurred significant quite improvement for physical condition and SFFs family environment of RIGP program participant, which shown by the higher family-member percentage following formal education level, higher utility percentage of health facility and SFFs behaviour change for participating in community social activity in their village.
Based on statistical calculation it is obtained that low category credit value impact on SFFs employment (t-cal=4.143), which have impact on income (t-cal=1.839). But high category credit value, the credit addition even reducing SFFs employment itself (t-cal=2.133). This is caused by for uncreating market, marketing network and product/venture diversification from SFFs. For middle category credit value, credit value affect on venture volume (t-cal=2.051), which has impact on consumption (t-cal=2.439).
While SFFs income distribution of RIGP participant in Grobogan District it is obtained value (GC=0.32), be in middle inequality (GC=0.30 to 0.40), which means that relative income less spread unaveragely in each SFFs program participant. And for middle category credit, GC value is relative higher compared to high and low category credit value, namely as large as (GC=0.35). This value shows that income distribution for each SFFs of middle category credit receiver exists significant quite income inequality, which relative higher than high and low category credit value receiver SFFs.
Furthermore, based on poverty standard of Grobogan District which measured based on income per capita/month as large as Rp. 74,007,- it has been achieved value 51,35% credit receiver SFFs still be in poor condition, with the lowest inequality level on high category credit receiver as large as PG=0,1801.

Keywords: RIGP credit affect, income distribution, poverty inequality.

Program Studi Ekonomi Pertanian (2003)
Tesis Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta

IMPACT OF COCOA DEVCELOPMENT

IMPACT OF COCOA DEVCELOPMENT ON HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC OF ARFAK FARMERS

IN MANOKWARI DISTRICT

PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KAKAO BAGI EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA TANI ARFAK

DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

By Djuliati Dampa

ABSTRACT

This research entitled “ Impact of Cocoa Development on Household Economic of Arfak Farmers in Manokwari District” and its objectives are 1) to determine the impact of cocoa development on family labour employment; 2) to estimate the factors influencing the labour employment in cocoa farming; 3) to determine the impact of cocoa development on income, income distribution, and family welfares; and 4) to measure the income contribution of cocoa farming to the farmers’ total incomes.
The research was conducted in Manokwari district from December, 2002 until February, 2003 by applying survey method. Primary data, were collected from 30 respondents of the cocoa farmers and 30 families of the non-cocoa farmers.
Test of two independent samples were done for comparing the household labour employments and incomes of the two sampled groups (cocoa farmers and the non-cocoa farmers). The factors, which affect the labour usage were estimated by Ordinary Least Square Method (OLS). Income distribution was analyzed by Gini Ratio and the level of family welfare is processed by tabulation.
The analysis results reveal that the cocoa development did not influenced the family labour employment in the farms. The factors influencing the labour employment in the farm consist of the quantity of family labour forces and the revenue from cocoa farming.
The cocoa development had impacts on the income improvement, income distribution of the cocoa farmers, and family welfares. Income distribution of the cocoa farmers is equal distributed than that of the non-cocoa farmers. For welfare level, the cocoa farmers are more prosperous than the non-cocoa farmers.
Income contribution of cocoa farming to the farmers’ total incomes was classified into high level of 60.99 per cent.

Key Words: Cocoa, Labor Forces, Income Distribution, Welfares.

Program Studi Ekonomi Pertanian (2003)

Tesis Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta