How to Get Started FOREX

People are introduced to the exciting world of foreign exchange in many ways: friends, current events, newspapers, television, and many others. For those of you who are new to forex, the following guidelines cover the basics of currency trading.

Step 1: "Practice makes perfect"Demo trade.

The demo account was designed to help traders gain familiarity with the speed and movements of the market. When you are demo trading, you should learn how to: 1) place market orders to enter a trade, 2) place stop-loss orders to protect your positions, and limit orders to take profits, 3) place OCO orders and If Done Orders to execute more advanced strategies

Step 2: "Study, Study, Study".

Forex traders use fundamental analysis, technical analysis, quantitative analysis and sometimes a combination of all three to make their trading decisions. Fundamental analysis involves the use of economic, financial and political news to determine trading decisions. Technical analysis involves the study of Charts to predict future price movements based on past price patterns and trends. Quantitative analysis consists of the use of preset statistical models and properties in quantifying price formations such as averages, retracements as well as identifying oversold and undersold situations. In order to help novice and experienced traders alike, MG has developed www.forexnews.com, a leading site on foreign exchange analysis, news and education. Comprehensive previews and summaries updated 4 times per day, insightful editorials covering the latest market developments and an open forum for discussing trading tips and ideas, are just some of the many features of Forexnews.com and MG's commitment to educating and informing Forex participants.

Step 3: Manage your money wisely.

You should always be aware of the amount of money in your account before placing a trade. If you think a long-term trend is developing, then you should consider whether you have enough funds to maintain your margin and withstand any movements against your position(s) that may occur. We encourage everyone who opens an account with us to ask themselves the following questions prior to entering each trade: 1) How much am I willing to risk?2) What is my upside and downside potential?3) What are the market conditions? (Is the market volatile or calm?)4) What is the logic behind entering this trade?5) When can I conclude if the assumptions/logic behind the trade are/is correct or wrong? Before entering an order, you should consider both your entry and exit points. One of the mistakes most commonly made by traders, especially new traders, is letting emotions get in the way of their strategy

Step 4: Stay Connected:

It is impossible to follow the forex market 24 hours day, 7 days a week. For better management of your account, we encourage you to use our Wireless Service and alert!FX™.

Step 5: Open a Live Account.

If you feel ready to trade this market, fill out our application forms and submit them today. Since the emotional factor may be higher than it was when you were demo-trading (as you are now committing real money), it is essential that you develop an effective strategy while demo-trading and plan to abide by it when trading your live account. We hope you enjoy trading with us and wish you the best of luck!

Source:http://www.mgforex.com/eng/new-to-forex/content/start-trading-forex.htm

What is Forex (Foreign Exchange)?

Foreign Exchange (FOREX) is the arena where a nation's currency is exchanged for that of another. The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with the equivalent of over $1.9 trillion changing hands daily; more than three times the aggregate amount of the US Equity and Treasury markets combined. Unlike other financial markets, the Forex market has no physical location and no central exchange. It operates through a global network of banks, corporations and individuals trading one currency for another. The lack of a physical exchange enables the Forex market to operate on a 24-hour basis, spanning from one zone to another in all the major financial centers.

Traditionally, retail investors' only means of gaining access to the foreign exchange market was through banks that transacted large amounts of currencies for commercial and investment purposes. Trading volume has increased rapidly over time, especially after exchange rates were allowed to float freely in 1971. Today, importers and exporters, international portfolio managers, multinational corporations, speculators, day traders, long-term holders and hedge funds all use the FOREX market to pay for goods and services, transact in financial assets or to reduce the risk of currency movements by hedging their exposure in other markets. MG Financial Group’s combination of low margin and high leverage has changed the way the Interbank currency market operates. We have done this by opening the doors of Forex to retail investors, giving them the professional tools and services needed to trade effectively in an independent atmosphere. MG Financial Group, now operating in over 100 countries, serves all manner of clients, comprising speculators and strategic traders. Whether it’s day-traders looking for short-term gains, or fund managers wanting to hedge their non-US assets, MG's DealStation™ allows them to participate in FOREX trading by providing a combination of live quotes, Real-Time charts, and news and analysis that attracts traders with an orientation towards fundamental and/or technical analysis.

Source:http://www.mgforex.com/eng/new-to-forex/content/what-is-forex.htm

The Efficiency and Increasing Strategy of Auction Places

The Efficiency and Increasing Strategy of Auction Places Performance

in Central Java Indonesia


By Himawan Arif Sutanto

One of duty of the Auction places is to conduct transaction of sales through biding so that the fish price become higher and stabilize and also give to give advantage for fisherman. To take care of that stability needed a effort to optimization of the Auction functions. Therefore this research take title "The Efficiency an Increasing strategy of Auctions Place Performance”.

Analysis technique used in this research is non-parametric approach with DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to measure efficiency score from each Auctions. Efficiency measured in DEA have the technical character. Model measurement efficiency used in this research is constant return to scale (CCR) with Output maximization constructively software of Banxia Frontier Analysis.

The Result of this study is obtained indicate that 10 Auction places analyzed, there are 6 Auctions which not yet reached efficiency score 100% or not yet compared other; that is TPI Mlonggo, Morodemak, Wedung, Jobokuto, Sambioroto and Banyutowo. To increasing Auctions management which not yet efficient hence need to change input and output as according to requirement and relate TPI Sarang, Karanganyar, Tasik Agung and Bajomulyo. Needed to control in Auction management in order to able to improve volume produce with remain to pay attention in inputs use.


Key words : Efficiency, Auction Places, Fishers, DEA, Central Java

Search Engine Optimization and How to Use It

by Peter Nisbet

Search engine optimization, or SEO, is a means of designing a website, and its individual pages, so that you meet the requirements of a mathematical equation called an algorithm that is design to apply statistical analysis to determine how it relates to the search terms used by the search engine customers. That is a long sentence, so let us look at the various elements that it contains. First designing a website. There is more to designing a website than making it pretty, and unfortunately there are a lot of website designers who do not appear to understand that. Before you can even start on design a site, you have to consider what the purpose of the website is. Usually to provide information to visitors on the search term that they use to reach you. Web Pages Should Load Quickly - When you click to visit a website what do you want to happen? Do you want to see lovely flash graphics that take several minutes (or seem to) to load up, or do you want to be taken immediately to the home page. We both know the answer yet they still insist on the fancy stuff. That is ego, not practical web design.

Once you actually manage to get onto the home page, do you want some good information and easy navigation to well explained web pages, or do you want loads of graphics, pictures and nothing but line after line of adverts with some links to other pages on the site that you have to search for? We also both know the answer to that, but how often do you see pages full of adverts and graphics and little else? These pages are designed by self-professed SEO experts! I recently had one of my customers ask to me run my eye over her home page that she had just had revamped by a professional developer but seemed not have been listed in Google. Because I look after my customers I agreed to do so free of charge, and do you know what I found? A web page that the spiders would have left the second they visited because the first text they would find would be line upon line of navigation away from the home page. When I checked the target pages, guess what? Same thing. The spiders would have been running round in circles, seeing nothing. Also no worth while titles and no headings except one in a H2 tag – no H1 tags at all. Nobody can Guarantee a Google Position - All that from a 'professional web developer'! What do you need to be a professional these days? Don’t get me wrong, there are some good ones, though please take a piece of advice from me. Don’t hire anybody that has to pay for advertising. If they can’t get their own website into the top 10 for their main keyword, then how can they be qualified to do it for you? Forget the promises and guarantees. I can get anybody’s website into the top 10: even to number 1!All I need do is find a unique keyword or phrase that nobody is using, such as "Top website developers in Blaenavon South Wales". I have checked that and nobody is using it! The only problem is that neither will any Google customers use it. Nobody can guarantee a Google listing position. Incidentally, search engine customers are those that use them to find information that they are seeking. They are not advertisers on Google or people that use any of the Google services other that the search engine itself.

Keyword Density is a Thing of the Past - All SEO experts can get you in the top 10, but not for any keywords worth having. You are better doing it yourself. All you need worry about are having your keyword as part of your title (not all of it) and in TITLE tags, and use your page keyword in H1 tags as the main heading. Use it again as part of an H2 sub-heading. Use your keyword once in the first 100 characters and again in the last paragraph. Once more for every 500 words and that will do. Forget 1% -3% keyword density. Use lots of related text, but be careful of synonyms because few word mean exactly the same as others. Make sure that you make it clear in what context you are using a particular word. Write naturally about your topic and you will be fine. Make sure that the spiders see your page title first, then the heading next. That will tell them what the most important text on your page is, and hence the topic of the page. The sub-headings will reinforce that, but only if they are in H2 – H3 tags. Forget anything more than H3. The spiders should come across links leading from your page until it has read all your text. The lead t to where you want it do next. Attach a lead to it and guide it through your website, page by page, and avoid leading it from page to page haphazardly before it has seen the content on each page. Any website designed like the one I described at the beginning, with nothing but links at the start of every page, will be lucky to be listed at all unless it has hundreds of thousands of links coming into it.Page Rank Might Lose its Influence - However, Google appear to be reconsidering how it views links, and perhaps web page content will be viewed as it should be – as more important than incoming links that can be contrived artificially.

Follow my advice and do your own SEO. It is as easy as I have described. If you fail to get listed within two weeks you are doing something wrong, and then you might need help, but make sure you get help from somebody who wants to help you and not simply boost his or her ego.There is more to search engine optimization than flashy pages. Spiders see in black and white, and are impatient creatures, so don’t lead them a merry dance. Be obvious, tell them what your page is about and let them read your content before sending them on to the next page. SEO is about being honest with your visitors and giving them information that is as relevant to your subject as you possibly can, but also using common sense. Look at your home page, and consider what you want to be the most important parts of it. Then think where you would want your visitors eyes to go on your page to be given the best information. You can use HTML to make sure that the search engines crawl your page exactly that way. Do Not Confuse Your Spiders - You can lead spiders from paragraph to paragraph. Table to table, link to link. Keep in mind that if a spider follows a link it will start crawling the page you sent it to and only come back if you allow it to -- i.e. provide another link back to your home page. Theoretically you could send it back and forth the between two pages in an unbreakable loop!That is the ‘website design’ part, leaving algorithms, statistical analysis and search terms still to cover. These will have to be the subject of another article!

source article: http://www.site-reference.com

15 Ways To Read An RSS Feed

by Steve Shaw


No doubt you have seen those small orange 'XML' or 'RSS' buttons beginning to spread across some of your favourite web sites. Perhaps you have clicked on one out of curiosity, only to be faced with a barrage of angle brackets and undecipherable code, seemingly designed to scare the heck out of anyone less than familiar with the intricacies of this new fangled technology creeping across the web.But once you click on that button - what do you do then? This article will show you exactly what to do. RSS? It's actually Really Simple, Stupid.The first thing to do of course is click that button. It may be an orange button with 'XML' or 'RSS' written across it; or you could see the word 'Atom'; or, less commonly, it could be blue with maybe the initials 'RDF'; or it could be a simple link with something like 'Grab My Feed'. Gets confusing, doesn't it? But what the acronyms like XML and RSS actually stand for is less than important - what to do after clicking the button is the important bit.After clicking the button, you will see all that code - if you have ever viewed the source code to a web page, it looks a little similar. RSS is just another language of the web, but you can actually completely ignore the code itself, just like you can ignore the source code behind web pages that you visit - you are only interested in the end product that the code is designed to produce for you, the end user.In the case of RSS, that end product is up to date news on the topics you are interested in.

For example, if you want to keep up to date with the latest information on financial markets, or growing marigolds, or your Aunt Mildred's blog as she travels across the Antarctic, and you see a feed on that particular topic, you can 'subscribe' to it and receive messages via the feed, each time the publisher of the feed updates it.So how do you 'subscribe' to an RSS feed? The important bit is what is in the browser address (or location) bar after clicking the feed button, i.e. the bit at the top of your browser window that usually starts with 'http://...' and tells you the web address of the page you are visiting. After clicking the RSS (or XML, etc.) button, you need to copy that address - it's that address that you need to 'plug' into what is generally known as a 'news reader'. News readers allow you to keep updated with the feeds that you are subscribed to. There are several to choose from - some involve downloading some software, some involve visiting a web site, some are free, and some require a small investment.Once you have chosen a particular news reader, you simply take that address that you have copied, and, following the instructions provided with the news reader to subscribe to, or add a new feed, simply paste it in - the reader will take care of the rest, and keep you updated with your new feed. Once you have done it once, you will see just how simple it really is.

Here are 15 different news readers you can choose from, in approximate order of recommendation under each category:
Browser-Based:BlogLines (http://www.bloglines.com)
AmphetaDesk (http://www.disobey.com/amphetadesk/)
NewsIsFree (http://www.newsisfree.com/)
Software For Windows:NewsGator (http://www.newsgator.com/)
- integrates into Microsoft OutlookFeedDemon (http://www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/)
Awasu (http://www.awasu.com/)
SharpReader (http://www.sharpreader.net/)
FeedReader (http://www.feedreader.com/)
NewsWatcher (http://www.newswatcher.com/)
NewsRanker (http://egofile.com/newsranker/)
claims to learn from your news reading to prioritize the feed items you receive
Novobot (http://www.proggle.com/novobot/)

extracts headlines from feeds, and also web sites that you are interested in
Radio Userland (http://radio.userland.com/)

blogging tool with an integrated news aggregator
Software For Mac: NetNewsWire (http://ranchero.com/netnewswire/)
Software For Linux:Straw (http://www.nongnu.org/straw/)
for GNOMERSS2email (http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/rss2email/)

Python script that sends you new messages from your feeds via emailIt's useful to spend a few minutes researching some appropriate choices - once you've decided on one that you believe to be suitable, you can start picking up new feeds straight away. It's Really So Simple, you won't look back.

Source article: http://www.site-reference.com/

COMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS OF CASHEW NUT COMMODITIES

COMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS OF CASHEW NUT COMMODITIES IN CENTRAL JAVA

(Case Study in Wonogiri Regency)

ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMODITAS METE DI JAWA TENGAH
(Studi Kasus Di Wonogiri)

Erlyna Wida R1, Sri Widodo2, Djuwari3


ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to know whether there are comparative and competitive advantages of cashew nut in shell in Central Java and constraints to increase export of Indonesian cashew nut and the alternative to solve it. Primary data were collected from cashew fruit farmer in 2002 production process in Wonogiri, Central Java.
The method in this research is using Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) analysis to know the comparative advantages and Competitive Advantage Ratio (CAR) analysis to know the competitive advantages. Sensitivity analysis used to know effect of changed variable to DRCR and CAR value.
The result of this research shows that cashew fruit production in Indonesia are financially and economically still profitable. Both of financially and eonomically, give the profit of Rp 224,153 per hectare and Rp 465,340 per hectare. Cashew nut in shell in Central Java have competitiveness showed comparative and competitive advantage in domestic production with DRCR is 0.75 and CAR is 0.93. In the case of sensitivity analysis, parcially rising social input price (fertilizer, insecticide, labour, rent of land, and exchange rate) until 50% still have comparative advantage but not for exchange rate. Simultaneously, rising social input price until 30% does not have comparative advantage any more. Increasing export tax, together with rising output price and exchange rate are 10% begin to give competitive advantage. The problem to develop cashew nut export is more than half of cashew nut is cashew nut in shell, that the opportunity to increase value added for national economy did not used so good, export of cashew nut is concentrate on only several countries, export volume is fluctuating.

Key words : competitiveness, comparative advantage, competitive advantage
1. Mahasiswa Pasca Sarjana Ekonomi Pertanian, UGM
2. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
3. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

Program Studi Ekonomi Pertanian (2003)

Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta

RIGP CREDIT AFFECT ON INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

RIGP CREDIT AFFECT ON INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
FAMILY FARMERS IN GROBOGAN DISTRICT

PENGARUH KREDIT P4K TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAN PENGELUARAN KELUARGA PETANI

DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN

Zahron Helmy


ABSTRACT

The research of credit affect for Rural Income Generation Project (RIGP) on Family Farmers (FFs) Income and expenditure is aimed to know program impact to educational aspect, family-member health and Small Fisherman-Farmers (SFFs) community social activity. And economically the research also have purpose to know credit impact on venture volume, income, family consumption, as well on employment and income distribution.
The research is conducted in Grobogan District Central Java, on 222 SFFs, in 12 sub-districts, 42 villages, and 44 Small Farmer Groups (SFGs) of RIGP program participant, by using descriptive analysis, regression analysis model, and Gini index as well poverty index.
The research result shows descriptively occurred significant quite improvement for physical condition and SFFs family environment of RIGP program participant, which shown by the higher family-member percentage following formal education level, higher utility percentage of health facility and SFFs behaviour change for participating in community social activity in their village.
Based on statistical calculation it is obtained that low category credit value impact on SFFs employment (t-cal=4.143), which have impact on income (t-cal=1.839). But high category credit value, the credit addition even reducing SFFs employment itself (t-cal=2.133). This is caused by for uncreating market, marketing network and product/venture diversification from SFFs. For middle category credit value, credit value affect on venture volume (t-cal=2.051), which has impact on consumption (t-cal=2.439).
While SFFs income distribution of RIGP participant in Grobogan District it is obtained value (GC=0.32), be in middle inequality (GC=0.30 to 0.40), which means that relative income less spread unaveragely in each SFFs program participant. And for middle category credit, GC value is relative higher compared to high and low category credit value, namely as large as (GC=0.35). This value shows that income distribution for each SFFs of middle category credit receiver exists significant quite income inequality, which relative higher than high and low category credit value receiver SFFs.
Furthermore, based on poverty standard of Grobogan District which measured based on income per capita/month as large as Rp. 74,007,- it has been achieved value 51,35% credit receiver SFFs still be in poor condition, with the lowest inequality level on high category credit receiver as large as PG=0,1801.

Keywords: RIGP credit affect, income distribution, poverty inequality.

Program Studi Ekonomi Pertanian (2003)
Tesis Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta

IMPACT OF COCOA DEVCELOPMENT

IMPACT OF COCOA DEVCELOPMENT ON HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC OF ARFAK FARMERS

IN MANOKWARI DISTRICT

PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KAKAO BAGI EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA TANI ARFAK

DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

By Djuliati Dampa

ABSTRACT

This research entitled “ Impact of Cocoa Development on Household Economic of Arfak Farmers in Manokwari District” and its objectives are 1) to determine the impact of cocoa development on family labour employment; 2) to estimate the factors influencing the labour employment in cocoa farming; 3) to determine the impact of cocoa development on income, income distribution, and family welfares; and 4) to measure the income contribution of cocoa farming to the farmers’ total incomes.
The research was conducted in Manokwari district from December, 2002 until February, 2003 by applying survey method. Primary data, were collected from 30 respondents of the cocoa farmers and 30 families of the non-cocoa farmers.
Test of two independent samples were done for comparing the household labour employments and incomes of the two sampled groups (cocoa farmers and the non-cocoa farmers). The factors, which affect the labour usage were estimated by Ordinary Least Square Method (OLS). Income distribution was analyzed by Gini Ratio and the level of family welfare is processed by tabulation.
The analysis results reveal that the cocoa development did not influenced the family labour employment in the farms. The factors influencing the labour employment in the farm consist of the quantity of family labour forces and the revenue from cocoa farming.
The cocoa development had impacts on the income improvement, income distribution of the cocoa farmers, and family welfares. Income distribution of the cocoa farmers is equal distributed than that of the non-cocoa farmers. For welfare level, the cocoa farmers are more prosperous than the non-cocoa farmers.
Income contribution of cocoa farming to the farmers’ total incomes was classified into high level of 60.99 per cent.

Key Words: Cocoa, Labor Forces, Income Distribution, Welfares.

Program Studi Ekonomi Pertanian (2003)

Tesis Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta

Save Mangrove To Protect Our Coastal Area

By Himawan Arif Sutanto

Indonesia represent the biggest archipelagic country in world have the island of counted 17.506 big island and small (Kamaludin, 2005) with the coastline about 81.000 km and 70% from wide of Indonesia is ocean (5,8 million km²) (Budiharsono, 2001). Partly the area growed by the forest mangrove widely some meter until some kilometer. Pursuant to area broadness, forest of mangrove Indonesia represent the wide of forest mangrove in world ( FAO, 1992 in Onrizal, 2002). But that way, condition of Indonesia mangrove either through qualitative and downhill continued quantitative from year to year. In the year 1999 wide of forest mangrove in Indonesia estimated to reach 8,60 million hectare and 5,30 million hectare among others in a condition destroy (Directorate General of Rehabilitate the Social Forest and Farm 2001). The damage because of very intensive conversion mangrove in the year 1990-an becoming fishpond especially in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi in order to racing exporting of fishery commodity (Gunarto, 2004).

Mangrove as one of the component of ecosystem of coastal area play a part which important enough, either in looking after productivity of territorial water coastal area and also in supporting resident life in the region. To coastal area region, existence of forest mangrove, especially as green band alongside coast / river estuary of vital importance for firewood supply, fish and prawn and also maintain the quality of ecosystem agriculture, fishery and settlement residing in its back from trouble abrasion, strong intrusion and powerful wind sea.

The Ecosystem of mangrove forest in world about 15,9 million ha, 27 % among others reside in the Indonesia. Role Mangrove peculiarly cannot be replaced by other ecosystem, that is as coastal protector from blow, waving sea, as habitat lay eggs, looking after, source of food and growth the species of sea biota.

Apprehensive about decreasing condition of mangrove forest happened in coastal seaboard of Java (Onrizal, 2002). According to result of research of Research Center and Development of Resources Development (LPPSP) Semarang (Kompas, 2004), totalizing wide of areal mangrove in north coastal area of Java becoming decrease. This matter is clear will result the damage of quality and amount of potency of ecosystem resources coastal area, where that mangrove forest reside in downhill and also even the loss of covert function the environmental mangrove forest. According to Kusmana and Onrizal (1998) wide of totalizing area of have potency of mangrove in Central Java Province more or less 95.338,02 hectare. Mostly 76.406,35 ha (80,14 %) located in outside forest area and 18.931,67 ha (19,86%) located in forest area. The area of mangrove in Central Java Province have potency generally damage the weight and damage broadly were 61.194,16 ha (64,19%) and 31.237,53 % (32,76%), while pertained not damage only 2.902,33 ha ( 3,05 %)

The root cause damage of the coastline support forest because change of farm allotment where many society subconsciously open the farm of other agriculture and settlement in farm mangrove. But there is also which caused by a wave height. Its mangrove damage cause decreasing of prawn population and also the amount of fish, because mangrove is place of prawn and fish forage. Loss of mangrove from coastal ecosystem territorial water have caused the annoyed coastal environmental ecology balance. Abundance it materials organic coming from woof residu of effort intensive prawn in coastal territorial water environment also cause the bacterium of opportunistic pathogen turn into really pathogen like bacterium of Vibrio harveyi. Besides, attack of white spot baculo virus ( WSBV) also mount and have caused the death of prawn windu which conducting in fishpond (Ahmad And Mangampa in Gunarto, 2004)

Till now strive to rehabilitate the mangrove still impress by partial, is not comprehensive, less success, and there is no concept and also strategy promising its efficacy. Along of need the existence of conception and strategy rehabilitate the ecosystem of mangrove able to give the guarantee improve its efficacy. Continuation of resources of mangrove forest represent very complex effort be achieved because the activity very requiring nature of accommodative to whole related parties, both for residing in around area and also outside area. Basically this activity is conducted for the shake of fulfilling requirement various importance. But that way, nature of this accommodative will be more be felt by benefit when the siding of to very susceptible institution of mangrove forest, in this case society given a larger ones portion ( Dietriech GB. and Luky A in Sri Puryono, 2006).

Thereby, what require to be paid attention is make society as especial component of activator of mangrove forest continuation. Therefore, society perception to existence of mangrove forest need to be instructed to way of society approach for the importance of resources of mangrove forest. According to Sutrisno (in Sri Puryono, 2006) expressing that integrity concept in coastal area management cover the integrity between institute / sector, integrity between government, integrity between land with the sea, and integrity between science and management. conservancy Mangrove, have to be handled collectively/together between On Duty Oceaninc, Fishery, Forestry and Bapeda and also society awareness for the importance of mangrove forest as environmental balance of custodian sea.

Reference:

Budiharsono, S. (2001) Teknik Analisis Pembangunan Wilayah Pesisir dan Lautan. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita

Onrizal (2002) “Evaluasi Kerusakan Kawasan Mangrove Dan Alternatif Rehabilitasinya Di Jawa Barat Dan Banten”. Digital Library USU. Fakultas Pertanian Program Ilmu Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara

Gunarto, (2004) “Konservasi Mangrove Sebagai Pendukung Sumber Hayati Perikanan Pantai”. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 23 (1)

Ketika Pantura Jateng Terjamah Abrasi 2004 Agustus http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0408/09/teropong/1194656.htm

Kusmana, C. dan Onrizal. 1998. Evaluasi kerusakan kawasan mangrove dan arahan tekhnik rehabilitasinya di Pulau Jawa. Makalah Utama pada Lokakarya Pembentukan Jaringan Kerja Pelestari Mangrove, tanggal 12 - 13 Agustus 1998 di Pemalang, Jawa.

Sri Puryono (2006) ”Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Berbasis Masyarakat”. http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/MKI/06II/06IIstrategi.htm

Analyse The Intensity of Violation The Cantrang Gear Usage

By Dian Dwi Laksani

During in the time one of violation type catch the substitution trawl with the target of fish demersal which start many enthused by fisherman in north coast of Central Java is cantrang gears. Tthe cantrang gears in its role as source of small scale fisherman earnings have the character of the dilematis of because one side there is order in Keppres No. 39 year 1980 which prohibit the appliance operation catch the trawl, according to Nomura and Yamazaki ( 1977), appliance type catch like cantrang gear packed into by classification trawl of because its for have experienced of the modification and way of its activity look like the trawl. This research aim to to analyse the intensity of violation of appliance usage cantrang gear in TPI Asemdoyong, Pemalang Regency. Besides also to analyse the influence of variable deterrence (DDETECT, DREMIND,DREPORT,DOBSERV,DCAUGHT), economic oportunitas ( SEAKG), responder moral (PSYCHO), social environmental ( PERTIV), Legitimation ( LEGIT), social demography ( AGE, TFAM, LONG) and Horse Power ( HP) to intensity of collision of fishery regulation ( FREQ)

This research used primary and secondary data. The sample was conducted by multistages sampling. There are 100 fisherman in this research using cantrang gear in TPI Asemdoyong taken as sample. Estimation technique worked by Tobit model with the Maximum likelihood Estimation (MLE).

The result that only there are six variable which by significance influence the dependent variable FREQ that is variable of Deterrence ( DDETECT, DREMIND, DREPORT, DOBSERV, and DCAUGHT), and experience variable (LONG). While other variable not significant in influencing FREQ variable. Although by normative there is not match sign between the expectation and theoretical frame work but as a whole model this can explain the violation phenomenon of exist in field. This matter is supported by enumeration by using Log-Likelihood Ratio Test the (LLRT). To finish the problem of this violation regulation fishery hence the importance of make-up of regulation and also the importance of designed] system of observation and monitoring together with in concerned and also execution guide of along with its socialization enough to related parties. To lessen the violation storey; hence require to be specified by sanction and penalization which enough heavily so that discourage trespasser.

Efficiency Analysis Of Trammelnet Gears in Cilacap Regency,

By Irma Suryahani

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the efficiency variables input (technical, price, and economic efficiency) of catching effort by trammel net in Cilacap Regency Central Java. The variables input are labors, fuel, gear, boat, fisher’s experience and foods supply that can be impact of fish production by trammel net. There are 103 respondents of trammel net fisher that could be collected by survey method in this location. The software that used for this data collected is Frontier Production function from Limited Dependent Program (Viswanathan, K. Kuperan, et.al.,2002 and Zen, L.W., et.al.,2002).

The estimation result shown that fishing effort with trammel net in Cilacap sea is in-efficiencies. The value of technical efficiency from this gear is 0,416. It’s mean only 41,6% input variables from all of input effective been used. So, there is most of it (58,4%) are useless. Input variables such as gear, fisherman’s experience and foods supply are significant to this function, other’s aren’t but all of them can be explain the dependent variable (fishery production by trammel net). It shown by likelihood scale is -134,357. It can be conclus in that fishing area (Cilacap Sea) shown over fishing.

Fisherman should be use another gear except trammel net in order to keep the sustainable ecosystem in that area.

Keywords : Efficiency, Gear, Trammel Net, Frontier, Cilacap, Indonesia

Efficiency Analysis Of Fishing Port In Idonesia And Development Strategy

By Imam Bustan

ABSTRACT

In order to intensify role of Fishing Port (FP) in Indonesia to Ocean Fishery sub sector, require to be done measurement of performance efficiency to determine development strategy direction. Cilacap Ocean Fishing Port with the performance level which still lower require to be studied through parameter measurement amount the efficiency, and require to be done by compilation priority scale from interpretation the cause in efficient parameter for the strategy development.

Technique analysis is using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) software application to measure of level of the efficiency relative to 19^th (nineteenth) Fishing Ports in Indonesia and the Expert Choice software application for the compilation of priority scale of development strategy to reach efficiency.

From of 19^th (nineteenth) Fishing Ports in Indonesia there are 4 (four) Inefficient Fishing Ports, 3rd (third) among other things is Ocean Fishing Port (OFP). Amount of the return to scale from the OFP expressed ascending in condition (increasing) of only Cilacap Ocean Fishing Port, with level of the efficiency 25 – 27 % still enable to be developed. Most dominant input in efficient variable is The Personal Security-Hygiene, The Logistics Distribution (Ices and Oil) and Port Facilities. After confirmation with the responders, development strategy to increase efficiency of Cilacap Ocean Fishing Port through the priority sequence that is Port Facilities Perfecting, to Intensify of The Security-Hygiene-Regularity, Building of Fisherman, to Intensify Quality Control of Fish, and to Create Climate of Fishery Business Conducive.

The result of confirmation with the responders with inconsistency ratio 0,06 <>Port Facilities Perfecting is not recommended by DEA because will add the input variable of Capital Expense as cause inefficient, hence for the consist of with the priority needed availability adequate fund and commitment stakeholders to exploit the Cilacap Ocean Fishing Port in an optimal, and than so for applied that choice can to execute of building the breakwater and dredging of track traffic into Fishing Port.

Key words: Efficiency, Fishing Port, Development Strategy

Efficiency Analysis Of The 1st, 2nd And 3rd Class Of Fish Markets In Central Java

by

Sulistyani Dyah Pramitasari

Abstract

Traditionally, after the fishermen got capture fishing result, they tried to sell it to the consumer themselves by the meaning of barter or certain value money. This activity was not well organized and might not efficient and nor productive. The fish quality was not maintained, that made the price tended to decline. Fish market (TPI) has an important role in a fishing port and its needs to be well manage to reach optimum usage. But in TPI, not all the pre requisitions are well available and optimum, that cause TPI inefficient. Therefore, it is necessary to concrete a study on TPI analysis and its development for fishermen welfare.

The aim of this research are to analyze the efficency of the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd class of TPI in Central Java, also to examine TPI development possibility for fishermen welfare by the meaning of input and output identification at 9 (nine) 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd class TPI in Central Java, that are : TPI PPNP, TPI Bajomulyo, TPI Pelabuhan Tegal, TPI Tasikagung, TPI Karanganyar, TPI Sarang, TPI Pandangan, TPI Klidang Lor, TPI PPSC and TPI Tanjungsari. Then the data will be analyzed with data analysis tool.

This research was done with explorative descriptive methods. Data and information gathering was done with documentation, observation and interview approaches. The analysis tool used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Data calculation used was Banxia Frontier Analysis software, with efficiency score for each TPI. The meaning of 100% score is the TPI was efficient. But if the score was below 100% means that the TPI was inneficient.

The research result shows that 9 (nine) TPI already gain efficient score that is 100%, meanwhile the other 1 (one) that is TPI PPSC with 92,02%. To reach efficient score, need to be done reduction or additional of input and output at the TPI, refers to potential improvement of suggested calculation.

TPI that are reach efficient score, should maintain it stable and well. Hoped that the TPI performances can increase. Therefore, the authorized sides should arrange permission and management of whether reduction and additional input and output of TPI, refers to TPI necessity. To make inefficient TPI becoming efficient, reduction and additional of input and output can refer to the efficient TPI, to reach the same performance.

Key words: Efficiency, TPI, Central Java

MODEL OF BIOECONOMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF DEMERSAL FISH RESOURCE - The Empric Study in Tegal, Central Java, Indonesia

by Welhelmus Nabunome, Sutrisno Anggoro,

and Indah Susilowati

Abstract

This Research had a purpose to make an estimation of the maximum catch of demersal fish (MSY), Effort Maximum Sustainable Yield (Emsy), Effort Maximum Economic Yield (Emey), Maximum Economic Yield (MEY), Effort Open Access (EoA), analysed the profitability of the net arad and formulated the right policy in the management of fisheries resources.
The research was carried out in TPI Muarareja Kota Tegal. By using fisheries bioeconomical model as it's analysis implement. The kind of data that was taken consisted of the primary data which was carried out by interview using questioner, observation and documentation and also secondary data which was received from the District, the related service, BPS and book study.
The results of the research showed that the bioeconomical analysis with schaefer model acquired Maximum Sustainable Yield value (MSY) of demersal fish in Tegal City as big as 9,764.18 ton/year with optimal efforts 23.842 trips/year. The Maximum Economic Yield value (MEY) was in the production of 9,687.71 ton/year with optimal efforts 21.732 trips/year. The efforts at the time of access were opened (EoA) of 43.464 trips/year with the production 3,150.48 ton/year. The level of the profit at the time of MSY of Rp. 55,369,988,265 per year. MEY of Rp. 55,896,871,018 per year, when access was opened (EoA) Rp. 0,- whereas the bioeconomical analysis with Fox model acquired Maximum Sustainable Yield value (MSY) of demersal fish in Tegal City as big as 5.530 ton/year with optimal efforts 20,823 trips/year. The Maximum Economic Yield value (MEY) was in the production 5.376 ton/year with optimal efforts 16,258 trips/year. The efforts at the time of access were opened (EoA) of 47,860 trips/year with the production 3.469 ton/year. The level of profit at the time of MSY of Rp. 27,700,107,628 per year, MEY of Rp. 27.700.107.628 per year, MEY of Rp. 28.919.037.006 per year, when access was open (EoA) Rp.0,- the Profitability of arad net per trip of Rp. 81.913 analysis with the Schaefer model showed that an overfishing occurred on demersal fish in Tegal City since 1997 with effort of 33.530,18 trips/year which was bigger than MSY effort namely 23.842 trips/ year, the Fox model also showed the same results that is overfishing has happened during 1997 to the production 6.451,20 ton/year which was bigger than MSY production that is 5.530 ton/year with the level of the utilisation of 149.92%.

The management strategy in part: a). Restriction on fishing quota at the time of MSY as big as 409 kg/trip (the Schaefer model) and 296 kg/trip (the Fox model), b). Restriction of fishing quota at the time of MEY as big as 446 kg/trip (the Schaefer model) and 295 kg/trip (the Fox model), c). the policy towards wide measurement of the net eyes, conservation (planting of the mangrove, the production of the artificial coral reef), d). the relocation of fishermen to the area that still having potential that could be developed, e). the restriction on the publication of capture permission for the new ship. f). the existence of the co-operation between the Government, Non-Govermental Organisation, University, stakeholders (the fisherman) in the management of demersal fish resources, g). needed the existence of controlling, monitoring, and surveilance towards the utilisation of fish resources, h). needed the Fisheries Information System existence (FIS), fisheries catching as the foundation of the utilization policy and management of demersal fish resources